This Sensible, Latent and Ground Heat Flux composite was formed from three data sources: the ARM Southern Great Plains (SGP) Clouds and Radiation Testbed (CART) Energy Balance/Bowen Ratio (EBBR) sites, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division (ATDD) Little Washita Watershed site, and the ARM SGP Eddy Correlation (ECOR) sites. However, for routine purposes, applications using the ideal SR analysis approach with slow data-loggers may be of interest since it is a very affordable method.This 30 minute Sensible, Latent and Ground Heat Flux Composite is one of two surface-layer flux data sets provided in the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement(ARM)/Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project (GCIP) Near Surface Observation Data Set - 1997 (NESOB-97). Fortunately, modern data-loggers avoid this problem and complex SR analysis approaches can now be applied. Some structure functions can be stored for post-processing and determination of ramp amplitude and ramp period, but the appropriate time lags have to be chosen a priori. However, application of SR analysis using slow data-loggers require some expertise since high-frequency air temperature data are not usually stored with the slower data-loggers. The ideal SR and combination SR/ dissipation approaches are the least expensive micrometeorological methods for estimating sensible heat flux and also latent energy flux if one forces closure of the surface energy balance. The combination SR and dissipation method only requires high-frequency air-temperature data and may be considered not to require calibration. A combination approach using SR and either similarity theory, that requires friction velocity or wind-speed measurements, or dissipation theory, has also been used to estimate H. The weighting factor α depends on measurement height, canopy structure and stability conditions since it depends on the capability of the highest frequency eddies to mix the scalar within the air parcels renewed by coherent structures. There are 2 SR analysis approaches: the ideal SR analysis approach which presumes a constant α factor and a set of SR approaches that avoid the use of the α calibration factor. The SR method is based on the premise that a parcel of air connected to the surface, after it has been enriched or depleted, is renewed by an air parcel from above. The SR analysis for estimating sensible heat flux from canopies involves highfrequency air-temperature measurements (typically 2 to 10 Hz) using unshielded and naturally-ventilated 25- to 75-mm diameter fine-wire thermocouples. The surface renewal (SR) method for estimating sensible heat, latent energy, and other scalar fluxes has the advantage over other micrometeorological methods since the method requires only measurement of the scalar of interest at a point and the method may be applied close to the canopy surface, thereby reducing fetch requirements. For short canopies, latent energy flux may be estimated using a shortened surface energy balance from measurements of sensible and soil heat flux and the net irradiance at the surface.
0 kommentar(er)
